El plan ganadero se come Cartagena del Chairá.

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En la Amazonía colombiana, entre noviembre y febrero de cada año, los niveles de tumba y quema de árboles se agudizan porque en esos meses disminuyen las lluvias. Así ocurre en el municipio de Cartagena del Chairá, Caquetá.

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Los trozos quemados de yarumo y ceiba están lejos de ser el problema central de la deforestación de la Amazonía. Esas son pequeñas quemas de familias que deforestan para autosostenerse de la única manera que saben: imponiéndose sobre la selva.

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“El campesino no es el gran deforestador. Por encima de las normas de convivencia que tenemos nosotros, llegan personas con enfoque de terratenientes. Esas personas tumban 100, 200, 300 hectáreas, cuando el campesino no está capacitado para hacer eso”. —Líder campesino de Cartagena del Chairá.

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En Cartagena del Chairá hay tres grupos relacionados con prácticas deforestadoras:

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1. Campesinos pobres que talan dos o tres hectáreas al año para cultivar alimentos y mantener unas cuantas vacas

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2. Terratenientes que contratan campesinos empobrecidos para que tumben grandes extensiones de bosques y les administren su ganado.

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3. Campesinos con tierra que se asocian con ganaderos para consolidar la explotación bovina y por ambición amplían sus pastizales en detrimento de la jungla.

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Caquetá experimentó un incremento progresivo de bovinos y predios destinados a esta economía. Según el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), en los últimos cinco años el departamento experimentó un incremento del 55 % en cabezas de ganado y 43 % en predios bovinos.

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Para 2021, Cartagena del Chairá repuntó como el segundo municipio del departamento con las cifras más altas de animales y predios dedicados a la actividad ganadera después de San Vicente del Caguán.

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Según el ICA, registró 307.415 reses y 2.047 fincas bovinas que, al compararlas con los registros del 2016, muestran un aumento del 137 por ciento y 84 por ciento, respectivamente.

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¿Cómo es que la selva ha venido desapareciendo en Cartagena del Chairá, un territorio en el que pocos podían entrar? Todo parece indicar que ni la guerra le puede poner un alto al plan ganadero que destruye la Amazonía. Conozca la investigación:

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