Los defensores de la tierra y el territorio están en riesgo

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Entre enero y mayo de este año, se registraron 42 violaciones a los derechos humanos contra líderes y defensores de la naturaleza en Colombia, según sistematización de tres organizaciones: CRY-GEAM, (CORE) y Extinction Rebellion Colombia.

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Incluye casos de agresiones contra líderes que se encargan de proteger la naturaleza por la intervención de proyectos económicos relacionados con hidrocarburos, la minería, la deforestación, los cultivos de uso ilícito, la ganadería y los monocultivos.

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En ese periodo, los líderes padecieron 42 agresiones que se traducen en 11 asesinatos, 19 amenazas, 4 desplazamientos forzados —uno de estos hacia el exterior— y 8 atentados.

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Se priorizaron 18 departamentos por estar más afectados por actividades extractivas de minería, hidrocarburos, monocultivos y cultivos de uso ilícito; sumado a la presencia de grupos armados ilegales.

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En 35 hechos no se pudo identificar quiénes son responsables y en algunos de ellos el informe se los atribuye a las Agc. Dos son responsabilidad de la Fuerza Pública y otros dos más por las disidencias de las Farc.

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En departamentos como el Cauca, las comunidades indígenas han buscado controlar y detener la expansión de los cultivos de uso ilícito, los laboratorios para la elaboración de la pasta base de coca y cocaína. Por eso son atacados.

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La violencia sistemática contra los liderazgos indígenas, además de debilitar el proceso organizativo tiene un segundo gran daño: desestimular el nacimiento y el relevo generacional de nuevos liderazgos.

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La economía extractiva de hidrocarburos es uno de los asuntos más espinosos en la lucha medioambiental, en particular la manifiesta intención del gobierno del expresidente Duque (2018-2022) de adelantar pruebas de fracking en el Magdalena Medio.

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La oposición a estos intereses privados le ha traído riesgo a los liderazgos sociales. Como han sufrido los jóvenes de Puerto Wilches por movilizarse contra el fracking, siendo blanco de amenazas e intimidaciones que se intensificaron a comienzos de 2021.

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Colombia es el segundo país más peligroso del mundo para defensores de derechos humanos que buscan prevenir o exponer el abuso por parte de las empresas, concluyó el Centro de Información sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos (CIEDH).

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Según el CIEDH, entre 2015 y 2019, fueron asesinados 72 líderes sociales y 181 sufrieron algún tipo de agresión, lo que equivale al “nueve por ciento de todos los ataques ocurridos en el mundo en este periodo”.

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Dos años después, el panorama no ha mejorado: el CIEDH registró 58 ataques, estableció que el sector de hidrocarburos fue el más peligroso e identificó que la mitad de los ataques se dirigieron a defensores ambientales.

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Los ataques vienen de “empresas de seguridad, fuerzas armadas, autoridades locales”. Además, la mayoría de los ataques están conectados a grupos paramilitares y grupos delictivos organizados, explica esta organización.

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